cognitive linguistics - 3443 Words

The topic of seminar: The main trends of Cognitive Linguistics in works of foreign (American and European) scientists Problem task: What principles of cognitive linguistics did G. Lakoff pay much attention at ? Describe his idea. Describe the study of spatial relationships and types of movement in the conceptualization of language, the concept of imaginative schemes and types of schemes. Describe the study of body based consciousness and language of humans. The idea of the concept of embodiment. Make a classification of areas and approaches, allocated in cognitive linguistics by foreign authors. Present it as a flowchart (Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ã' Ã'…Ð µÃ ¼Ã °). Lecture 6.The main trends of Cognitive Linguistics in works of foreign scientists.†¦show more content†¦The Generalization Commitment has concrete consequences for studies of language. First, cognitive linguistic studies focus on what is common among aspects of language, seeking to re-use successful methods and explanations across these aspects. For instance, just as word meaning displays prototype effects – there are better and worse examples of referents of given words, related in particular ways – so various studies have applied the same principles to the organization of morphology (e.g., Taylor, 2003), syntax (e.g., Goldberg, 1995), and phonology (e.g., Jaeger Ohala, 1984). Generalizing successful explanations across domains of language isnt just a good scientific practice – it is also the way biology works; reusing existing structures for new purposes, both on evolutionary and developmental timescales. Second, cognitive linguistic approaches often take a vertical, rather than a horizontal strategy to the study of language. Language can be seen as composed of a set of distinct layers of organisation – the sound structure, the set of words composed by these sounds, the syntactic structures these words are constitutive of, and so on. If we array these layers one on top of the next as they unroll over time (like layers of a cake), then modular approaches are horizontal, in the sense that they take one layer and study it internally – just as a horizontal slice of cake. Vertical approaches get a richer view ofShow MoreRelatedMetaphor In Talk Essay910 Words   |  4 Pagesbones into small bits and ‘He caused my stomach to burst.† As Maalaj notes it is important to include cultural practices in any account of conceptual metaphors. 2.6.2. Metaphors in Linguistics and Literature (Paprottà © and Driven, 1985) that brings metaphor within the scope of applied Linguistics. If, as Cognitive linguists now hold, metaphor is not just a surface ornamentation of Language but a phenomenon of human thought processes, and then metaphor in real world language becomes an importantRead MoreThe Sapir Whorf s Hypothesis1793 Words   |  8 Pagesdemonstrate that this is at least partially—although not entirely—true, based on my own anecdotal experiences of being a bilingual speaker, and the linguistic evidence provided by Professors George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, combined with the studies of Luisa Maffi and Harold C. Conklin. Although the concept of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis—or linguistic relativity, as it is sometimes known (Ahearn 1962: 66)—is one that has provoked incredible intrigue, it inevitably falls victim to Whorf’s distasteRead MoreChomsky s Theory Of Human Language1362 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1960s, Empiricism and Behaviorism reigned, yet these views are now commonly mostly considered absurd due to Chomsky. Noam Chomsky, a prominent cognitive linguist and a great contributor to analytical philosophy, is in awe of the concept of human language. The properties of language enable humans to combine individual concepts together in indefinitely many ways, making the range of human thought virtually unlimited. Chomsky is fascinated that language enables humans to say virtually anythingRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Aphasia Patients1343 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage production may be very limited - cannot speak fluently b) Some may have more trouble with comprehension aspects - speak fluently but words used don t make sense - used incorrectly c) Because it is related to brain damage, there are other cognitive deficits that may be associated with aphasia, depending on the type of damage. 3. Every individual patient with chronic aphasia differs, which means treatment has to be flexible and adaptable to the patient. B. What is AAC? 1. Augmentative andRead MoreEssay about The Relationship Between Language and Worldview1369 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between cognitive development and linguistic developments (Blum 35). After studying different languages, the researcher found a connection between linguistic and cognitive values, with the former being regarded as important in promoting the latter. This means that there is need for linguistic development, and especially in the first stages of development for the cognitive behaviors to be observed. From this hypothesis, it is clear that a worldview is influenced by linguistic traits that areRead MoreEssay on Language Development in Hearing-impaired Children1734 Words   |  7 PagesThis had to be the hardest paper that I have written here at Ashford. I think a lot had to do with finding four articles that I could really relate to. Well, then again finding the articles that interested me the most in one of the following areas: cognitive development, language development, social development, or memory and the brain in children and infants. Most students would say that this is easy, however, my situation is not like most students. I have a 6 year old little girl, named Racine,Read MoreDifference Between Linguistic And Linguistic Studies1097 Words   |  5 PagesIn the following essay, I am going to present a comparison between two linguistic studies. Constructing another Language-Usage Based Linguistics in Second Language Acquisition by Eskildsen and Sources of Linguistic Knowledge in the second language acquisition of English articles by Ionin, Zubizarreta, and Maldonado are going to be contrasted regarding their theoretical frameworks, research questions and research designs together with the conclusions reached. Reading the two studies, certain conclusionsRead MoreLanguage, The, And The Glass Broke1716 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we conceive language as the product or instrument of an exclusively cognitive subject, then it is merely representational. The meaning of our words depends directly on their correspondence to things in the world, and we recognize no other meaning than the literal. Sentences like this is a chair, or Machu Picchu is two thousand meters above sea level, or the glass broke, all illustrate this use of language. They are clearly literal, they serve to communicate facts, and they can be verifiedRead MoreLanguage As A Form Of Control1744 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage as a Form of Control: The Use Psycholinguistics in Babel-17 The psychology of language has always been a complex and fluid study in which scientists investigate the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence out of vocabulary and phonetic structures, as well as factors that let people acquire, produce, and comprehend language as an entirety. Samuel L. Delaney’s 1966 science fiction novel, Babel-17, explores a psycholinguistic approach toRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Human Language1116 Words   |  5 Pagesis surrounded around the cognitive development and the brain. The development of the brain is followed in the development of language. This is thought to be only after the human has been born. Chomsky had similar innovations in his study of linguistics; he replaced behaviorism of Skinner (1959) with modern cognitive base, which the introduced an innate type of universal grammar and a common program of principles called â€Å"minimalist programme† (679). Also modern linguis tics separates two languages:

The Influence Of Neo Confucianism On China - 1066 Words

In china there has been no central rule in China for 70 years until the Song Dynasty created in 960. Things started to change in China, for example, the government started to aid the poor a lot more than what they have in the past. They were getting this money from the newly introduced income tax. This made a lot of people happy and everyone started to have more patriotism and pride. This pride gave the government a feel of legitimacy. Some of the major things the government is paying for is the roads, food, and education. Pottery at this time helps out the economy in China, because the pottery is so advanced that it was being exported for good money and it also led more people to come to China. Even though China was number one in the world for many things like technology and a sophisticated culture they were weak military wise (Holcombe p.127). Neo-Confucianism was also created in the Song Dynasty. Neo-Confucianism was Confucianism put together with Taoism, which was the ying and th e yang, which was also put with Buddhism. This new patriotism also led to xenophobia in the country which leads to irrational decisions in the future. As time when on the Song Dynasty would lose some land to smaller dynasties who took over smaller parts to China in the south. Despite this the economy amazingly boomed during this time where the Chinese call the â€Å"medieval economic revolution† (Holcombe p. 130). Trading had a big role in this economic revolution. Archeologists have uncoveredShow MoreRelatedChina Golden Age: Song Dynasty1297 Words   |  5 PagesGLOBAL CHINA GOLDEN AGE: SONG DYNASTY A golden age is a specific time where peace, happiness and prosperity flourishes within a civilization. In China. This period was known as the Song Dynasty, which lasted from (920-1279). China’s Golden Age was followed by the Yuan Dynasty, which dated from the years (1271-1368). During this period the Song Dynasty was exciting to people. Agriculture flourished leading to the inventions of the moveable typewriter and magnetic compass, paper moneyRead More Confucianism Essay573 Words   |  3 Pages Confucianism Confucianism is a moral and religious system of China. Its origins go back to the Analects, the sayings attributed to Confucius, and to ancient writings, including that of Mencius. Confucius was born a mandarin under the name Kongzi. It was developed around 550 B.C. In its earliest form Confucianism was primarily a system of ethical concepts for the control of society. It saw man as a social creature that is bound to his fellow men by jen, or â€Å"humanity.† Jen is expressed through theRead MoreBuddhism Is An Indispensable Element Of Chinese And Formation Of Mahayana Buddhism Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism has been the main religion of china for several thousands of years. In fact, Buddhism is an indispensable element of Chinese philosophy and literature. As we all know, Buddhism originated in India and first spread to China around 100BC. Nevertheless, (Mahayana) Buddhism in China separated itself from the mainstream Buddhism and created a new form of Bodhisattv a precept instead of following the Indian Vinaya precept. In fact , the distinct Chinese history and culture played significantRead MoreEvaluate the Changes and Continuities in the Role of Religion in Chinese Society from 600 to 1450.1043 Words   |  5 PagesChina has been the home to various religions. At different times different dynasties endorsed certain religions while repressing others. While Buddhism flourished during the Sui and Tang dynasty, it faced opposition from the government during the Song dynasty. Confucianism lost government endorsement during the Sui and Tang but gained momentum during the Song as Neo-Confucianism. Yuan dynasty promoted Islam and Tibet Buddhism but ignored Confucianism. Different rulers sponsored and protected differentRead MoreThe Link Between Mahayana Buddhism And Chinese Culture1476 Words   |  6 Pages The link between Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese Culture Buddhism has been the main religion of china for several thousands of years. In fact, Buddhism is an indispensable element of Chinese philosophy and literature. As we all know, Buddhism originated in India and first spread to China around 100BC. Nevertheless, (Mahayana) Buddhism in China separated itself from the mainstream Buddhism and created a new form of Bodhisattva precept instead of following the Indian Vinaya preceptRead MoreIn What Major Ways Did Confucian Philosophy Manifest Itself in Chinese Society During the Ming and Qing Dynasty2983 Words   |  12 PagesConfucius who lived between 551–478 BC in China. [1]The essence of Confucianism is that the human mind can be cultivated through virtue and moral perfection. Confucianism has had tremendous influence on Chinese history and culture as well as other East Asian cultures. Even before the Ming and Qing dynasties, Confucianism had a profound effect on Chinese society. Confucianism was the state ideology of the Han dynasty with later forms developing such as Neo-Confucianism developed during the Song dynasty knownRead MoreConfucianism And Its Influence On Society2178 Words   |  9 PagesConfucianism can be regarded as a religion, a belief, a way of ruling and a basis for laying the ground rules for the East Asian countries. Confucianism had gone through so many transformations and has been affected by many religions and dynasties. Many dynasties have adapted the ways of Confucianism, which state that there is a connection between humans and heaven. However, as time progressed, religions such as Buddhism and Daoism also adapted the ways of Confucianism, but they changed some of itsRead MorePhilosophy Of Mencius And Xunzi1111 Words   |  5 Pages Confucianism is unique in the fact that unlike other religions, it doesn’t have a divine ruler that is worshiped by its followers. Instead, followers of Confucianism adhere to the ideas and values spread in the teachings of Confucius, a philosopher. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese Thought (Reigel, para. 1). Other than that, however, not much is known for certain about the life of ConfuciusRead MoreSimilarities And Contributions And Achievements Of The Tang Empire1296 Words   |  6 Pageswas referred to as the â€Å"Southern Song†. Both the empires Tang and Song have several economic, political, and social achievement differences and similarities. Similar achievements include ideas of credit, experiencing a change in empire size, and Confucianism, although the use of all three of these achievements differ in each empire as well. Differences in achievements include separate forms of printing, different empire capitals, and contrasting distinct advancements in m edicine, astronomy, and inventionsRead More: Discuss the History of Korea and Its Impact on Koreas Culture, Politics and Business.1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe first Korean kingdom Gojoseon was established on a flourishing bronze culture in BC 2333 by Dangun who was the legendary founder of Gojeseon and people believed he was the grandson of heaven (Edward 2005). It was centered in the basins of Liao (China) and Northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Politics and economy In Korean history, Gojoseon was the first state to unify its political and religious functions within one governing system and legal system as represented by its Eight Prohibitions

Management System Corporate Strategies of NAB

Question: Discuss about the Management System for Corporate Strategies of NAB. Answer: Introduction The project aims to focus on the management system of the chosen company NAB. The strategies of the company are discussed in the project that includes the mission, vision and the competitive advantage of the over the competitive market in which it operates. The various strategies that has been criticised are highlighted in the project. Furthermore, the environmental analysis of the NAB is performed with the help of the PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, internal and the specific environment analysis. The leadership style and its impact have been discussed in details in order to understand the topic in details. Discussion on how and why are the strategies applied in the company Mission, vision and competitive advantage of the company NAB is the National Australia Bank in Australia that aims to help its potential customers with their money. NAB operates in more than 800 locations in Australia, New Zealand and all over the globe. NAB being one of the largest bank for business in Australia, works with the small, large as well as the medium business in order to support them in growth and development of the business. Moreover, the organisation provides funds to the essential infrastructures of the area such as the schools, construction of roads and hospitals. The main motive of the company is to carry out its responsibilities in an innovative, responsible manner that helps to create customer satisfaction and thereby drawing more customers towards the company (nab.com.au 2016). The competitive advantage of the companies helps them to sustain in the competitive market by achieving advantage on its products, goods, services and strategies over its competitors. The competitive advantage of the company supports the organisation to attract the potential customers that is important to increase sales and profit of the company. NAB has been converting the loyalty of its staff in order to gain competitive advantage over its rival companies. In the opinion of Obiozo and Smallwood (2014), commitment and loyalty of the staff and the team within NAB is one of the reason behind the success of the company in the process of sustaining in the market. Past strategies used by the company Like every organisation, NAB has been using several corporate strategies that supported the growth and the development of the business. The company uses its corporate strategies in order to provide a positive impact on the customers and the environment on which it operates. NAB had used various strategies in order to achieve its organisational goals and objectives. The strategy of the company supported the societies, which are more social and financially strong, delivered efficient programs. The company tried to provide goods and services that made the management of the environmental risk easier for the customers. The strategies even helped the customers to effectively use the new market opportunities in order to grow and develop. Current strategies of the company NAB developed current strategies that helped the company to overcome its loopholes. The stakeholder engagement process of the company is improved to obtain efficient corporate strategies for the organisation. The company has been recently more concerned in strengthening the relationship with its stakeholders that is useful in analysing the environmental, government and the social issues. The corporate strategy of NAB helps the management to set objectives, policies and measuring procedures for the company. The CR management and the reporting into the government structure have been adopted by the organisation to ensure the corporative responsibilities (Gelens, et al. 2014). Controversies and its outcomes Discussion on strategies that were criticised Jensen et al. (2014) mentioned that it is important to consider the appropriate corporate strategies for the organisation that can help the company to fulfil its goals and objectives. However, NAB has applied a number of strategies that has been criticised for failing to achieve its goals. In 2000, the company undertook a strategy in which it disposed of the MNC to the ABN-AMRO at US$2 billion. NAB had failed to understand the complex features present in the mortgage market of US. Thus, the company suffered from a loss of over US$2 billion that has adversely affected the company. The strategy adopted by the company on order to make a small gain has been therefore criticised as a loss making strategy for the NAB. On the other hand, NAB had incorporated other strategies within the company that has been criticised as the bank has failed to reach its goal of being the leading financial service company in the world. The company had focused on the targets for the contribution of the earnings, while Bourne (2016) had argued that the company needs to concentrate on the back to basic approach of Australia and New Zealand in order become a successful financial service company. According to financial services inquiry (FSI) the bank can ensure survival in the volatile situation only if they are unquestionably strong. The inappropriate decisions and the inefficient strategies of the company has been a major cause behind the loss in the financial position of NAB. The company witnessed a downfall in its revenue and profitability that restricted the investors from investing into the business due to the poor financial performance (Johnston and Marshall, 2016). On addition to this, the overseas acquisition of NAB had finished in that particular period as the overseas acquisition of the company was more opportunistic in nature rather than being strategic. NAB further sold of the GWB that caused a loss of A$67 million. Environmental analysis PESTEL analysis The PESTEL analysis is an effective tool used by the managers of NAB in order to analyse the macroeconomic factors of the environment in which the company operates. The PESTEL analysis includes the factors such as the political, economic, social, technological and environmental and the legal factors of NAB. Political- This factor discusses the degree of government intervention into the business of the company. The business of NAB is greatly affected by the governmental policies, foreign trade policies, tax, labour law, environmental law and the trade restrictions. Economic- The economic growth of Australia, interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate and the disposable income of the consumers plays an important role on the profitability of NAB. Social- The social factors that influence NAB are the population growth in Australia, health and career consciousness, believes and the attitudes of the population. Technology- The technological factors of NAB affects its management in three different ways. First is the new method in the production of goods and services. Second is the new ways in the distribution of goods and services and third new process in the communication with the target markets. Environment- It is one of the important factors as it includes the availability of the raw materials in order to continue production. The pollution targets, ethical consideration set by the government are also included. Legal factors- The legal factors of NAB include the health, safety, equal opportunities, and rights of the consumers, product labelling and safety. It is important for NAB to consider the legal factors properly in order to trade effectively. Analysis of specific environment of the company The specific environment of NAB is the portion of the business that is directly helpful for the company in achieving the objectives. Lozano, Ceulemans and Seatter (2015), stated that the managers need to analyse the specific environment of the company effectively in order to make correct decision for the business. the specific environment of NAB are the target audience that is the customers, government, economy and the competitors of the company. Analysis of internal environment of the company SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis helps NAB to understand and analyse its internal environment. The SWOT analysis is as follows: Strengths Healthy financial position Good revenue and interest income Diversity in products Largest bank in Australia in terms of assets Weakness Reduction in the revenue causing poor growth and development No global acclaim Opportunities Expansion in international market Acquisition and JVs Asset management sector Threats Strong competition with the rival companies Changes in the regulations of the government Financial crisis From the above SWOT analysis of NAB, it can be inferred that the company can use its strength and opportunities effectively in order to minimise its weakness and threats. The analysing of the strength, weakness, opportunities and the threats helps the company to maximise its efficiency level in obtaining higher growth and development. Leadership style within the company Core values present in the company In the competitive market, the core present value of NAB is very essential in order to support the vision, culture of the organisation. The effective implementation of the core values can be achieved with the incorporation of the effective leadership style within the organisation. NAB has the participative or the democratic leadership style within the organisation. This kind of leadership allows the team members and the peers to participate in the decision-making, however, the final and the major decisions are carried out by the team leader. In the opinion of Kogg and Mont (2012), the democratic leadership used by the NAB is effective as it helps to motivate the employees by allowing them to actively take part in the business. Moreover, this kind of leadership supports the employees of the company to accept the changes taking place within an organisation as the employees play a vital role in the decision-making process. The leadership style is also effective in the situation when NAB needs to make a decision in the short period of time. The core values of NAB helps the organisation to enjoy internal as well as external advantage in the business. One of the values of the company is to stand behind the quality of the goods and services offered by the company. Thus, this value automatically removes the product or service that is unable to reach the satisfaction level. The core value of the company is beneficial as it helps to make the customers and the clients aware of the information regarding the company. This provides a competitive advantage to the company. Impact of leadership on the strategies and culture of the company An effective leadership style has a positive influence on the culture and the strategies of the organisation. The leaders of the NAB Company help to set a long-term effectiveness of the organisation. The effective leadership helps to understand the role that the norms of the organisation play. The democratic leadership within the organisation is helps to influence the team members in order to meet the organisational goals and objectives of the organisation (Goethals et al. 2014). The leadership pattern in NAB helps to develop the ability to create a clear vision that further helps to understand the organisational culture in details. The democratic leadership helps to increase the productivity of the employees and in turn increases the organisational productivity, as the employees are encouraged to work efficiently by providing those feedbacks, ideas and suggestion. There is a presence of more content workforce as the employees or the team members of NAB has individual role in the process of decision-making. Conclusion From the above project, it can be inferred that the corporate strategies of NAB in Australia is an essential component of the company in order to achieve long-term growth and development. The company needs to include strategies that positively affect the business of the company. The market analysis with the help of the PESTEL analysis and the SWOT analysis is beneficial for NAB as the company is able to determine the external and the internal factors affecting the business and the performance of the company. Moreover, the leadership style used by NAB is the democratic leadership style that supports the growth and development of the organisation. The overall study is useful in obtaining the knowledge on the management of NAB that is needed for sustaining in the competitive market. References Bourne, L., (2016).Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Gelens, J., Hofmans, J., Dries, N. and Pepermans, R., (2014). Talent management and organisational justice: employee reactions to high potential identification.Human Resource Management Journal,24(2), pp.159-175. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R. and Messick, D. eds., (2014).Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer. Jensen, K., Scott, R.J., Slocombe, L., Boyd, R. and Cowey, L., (2014). The management and organisational challenges of more joined-up government: New Zealands Better Public Services reforms. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Kogg, B. and Mont, O., (2012). Environmental and social responsibility in supply chains: The practise of choice and inter-organisational management.Ecological Economics,83, pp.154-163. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K. and Seatter, C.S., (2015). Teaching organisational change management for sustainability: designing and delivering a course at the University of Leeds to better prepare future sustainability change agents.Journal of Cleaner Production,106, pp.205-215. nab.com.au, (2016), About NAB, Available at: https://www.nab.com.au/about-us [Accessed on 1 September (2016)] Obiozo, R. and Smallwood, J., (2014), February. healing gardens for the construction site: an innovative organisational management strategy. inpostgraduate conference (p. 325). Omotayo, F.O., (2015). Knowledge Management as an important tool in Organisational Management: A Review of Literature.Library Philosophy and Practice, p.1.

Shakespeares as You Like It and One Related Text free essay sample

AOS Belonging Sometimes we belong most in the places we shouldnt and vice versa. Discuss this referring to your set text and one related text. For human beings, belonging creates a connectedness that helps nurture self-esteem and confidence. The social and cultural milieu provided by society offers a range of specific roles and circumstances that a person is expected to abide by and a person is rewarded with the the knowledge that they belong if they play these roles as well as possible. However, circumstances beyond control can lead a person to being unable to fulfill the expected roles enabling a sense of isolation and not belonging. This can be particularly seen in As You Like it and Tim Burton’s 2010 movie remake of Alice in Wonderland, both of which have protagonists that have little control over their own circumstances and are as a consequence isolated and at odds with places where they should belong. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares as You Like It and One Related Text or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In As You Like It, the traditions and dispositions of society push characters to play certain roles. Rosalind, the protagonist of As You Like It, has no control over the societal and gender expectations laid before her. Despite being the most intelligent, active and interesting character in the play, she is confined into the expected female role, suppressing her personality, in an attempt to fit into and belong at the court which embodies the societal expectations of the period. Her attempts at conformity lead her to initially feel fear at seeking out the forest of arden as such a place would be dangerous to a woman and yet she overcomes this by transcending gender boundaries, choosing to masquerade as a man. While disguised as a man Rosalind is able to unleash her true personality and fully explore her identity. It can be seen that had Rosalind not used the role of Ganymede within the forest, she may have been left in a largely passive role similar to that of Celia who is unable to shake off the constraints of her femininity. Despite having new found freedoms in her role as Ganymede, Rosalind is still an oddity even among the banished nobles of the forest, having to concoct stories to explain her amazing intellect and command of language. While she does not belong within the constraints of the court neither does she truly belong in the forest of arden. The article, Belonging in Arden: back to nature or nature as you like it? Clearly points out that Rosalind is ‘a shape-shifter, a chameleon, who does not properly belong anywhere neither within one place, nor within one gender’ This inability to belong is not within Rosalind’s control and is influenced by the societal expectations of gender present in the period. Rosalind is hence forced into a situation where she must conform and suppress her personality in order to fit in or otherwise be a continually acknowledged outsider. By stepping out of the play at the end, Rosalind demonstrates that she belongs more to the theatre, stretching across all time and in all places than she belongs to any one play or one period. Within Alice in Wonderland societal constraints and expectations lead to a fixed group identity and the enhancement social isolation. Similar to Rosalind, Alice does not fit into the role she is expected by society to play. However, Alice makes little attempt to conform to the expectations and as a result constantly feels awkward and isolated in society. The expectations of society make Alice believe that she had not choice but to conform as all decisions regarding her life are made outside of her control. Within Wonderland, Alice struggles with the importance and instability of personal identity and this doubt is further nourished by her constantly changing physical appearance. The many examples of rapid physical growth and regression in size also symbolize Alice’s gradual emotional growth. By the end of the movie she has grown in all senses; size but also in her capacity to think independently such as using the magic potions to her advantage. Alice, just like Rosalind, has no control over the expectations and the circumstances of her life in the real world. While she is unable to change or influence what is expected of her, she is also unwilling to conform and as such is regarded as an oddity and something of an outcast. In Wonderland, Alice is placed firmly control of her own life as she is told that no one can decide the course of her life for her. By not having to conform to the will of others, Alice is able to explore and understand her own desires and motives, discovering her true worth, identity and ultimately a sense of belonging. For both texts, external factors such as the environment have a large influence on a sense of belonging or not belonging. Both Rosalind and Alice find themselves at odds with the environments that they should naturally belong to, the court and upper class Victorian society. The environment is completely beyond their control and forces the inhabitants to conform or be outcasted. In this, the Ascot Manor, symbolic of the hidebound Victorian culture, can be likened to the vitriolic Court of As You Like It. In both locations the inhabitants strive to quell any aspects of individuality in a combined effort to fit in, creating a fixed group identity that outcasts anyone who is different. Within these places, characters have little to no control over their situation beyond choosing to conform and thus loose part of their individuality or to stand apart and be shunned. Similarly, Wonderland can be likened to the Forest of Arden as both are places that the protagonists choose to embrace and are portrayed as positive environments in which there is a great liberty and equality among inhabitants. Within both places the characters can choose how to live and act without having to worry about conformity or outside expectations. Social and cultural expectations that are beyond the ability of an individual to control can greatly hinder belonging. When not abiding by set social conventions a person is socially isolated and can come to doubt their own sense of identity. In both As You Like It and Alice in Wonderland, the effect of circumstances outside of a person’s control can be seen to greatly hinder a sense of belonging. Once the protagonists are able to take control of their circumstances, they are able to fully explore and discover their own identity, creating an enhanced sense of belonging.